建筑脚手架的安全问题一直是建筑施工中的难题，每年都会发生几起脚手架倒塌安全事故。如何提高脚手架的安全度，确保移动脚手架的施工安全，下面借鉴日本移动脚手架的管理经验谈几点看法：目前全国门式脚手架钢管约有1000万吨以上，其中劣质的、超期使用的和不合格的钢管占90％以上，扣件总量约有10—12亿个，合格品率为零．如此量大面广的不合格钢管和扣件，已成为建筑施工安全的隐患，要在短期内完成整治工作是不可能的。近年来，由于建筑和租赁市场混乱，生产和销售劣质钢管、扣件的违法行为突出，大量不合格的钢管、扣件流入施工现场，加上施工单位不规范使用，严重危及建筑施工安全。最近，建设部，国家质检总局、国家工商总局联合发布了“关于开展建筑施工用钢管、扣件专项整治的通知”，要求通过此次专项整治，使生产、销售、租赁和使用的劣质建筑施工用钢管、扣件的状况得到明显扭转．
The safety of scaffolding has always been a difficult problem in construction. Several safety accidents of scaffolding collapse occur every year. How to improve the safety of scaffolding and ensure the construction safety of scaffolding? Here are some opinions based on the management experience of Japanese scaffolding. At present, there are more than 10 million tons of scaffolding steel pipes in China, of which 90% are inferior, overdue and unqualified. The total number of fasteners is about 1.0-1.2 billion, and the qualified rate is zero. Components have become hidden dangers of construction safety. It is impossible to complete the renovation work in a short time. In recent years, due to the chaotic construction and leasing market, the illegal activities of producing and selling inferior steel pipes and fasteners have become prominent. A large number of unqualified steel pipes and fasteners have flowed into the construction site, together with the irregular use of construction units, which seriously endangers the safety of construction. Recently, the Ministry of Construction, the State Administration of Quality Supervision and Inspection, and the State Administration of Industry and Commerce jointly issued the Notice on the Special Regulation of Steel Pipes and Fasteners for Construction, requesting that the situation of inferior construction steel pipes and fasteners for production, sale, leasing and use be significantly reversed through this special regulation. 一、大力开发新型门式脚手架是解决施工安全的重要保证
1. Vigorously developing new scaffolding is an important guarantee for solving construction safety
日本在50年代已开始大量应用扣件式钢管梯形脚手架，到50年代中期，扣件式钢管梯形脚手架的应用量已占主导地位，由于不断发生伤亡事故，据介绍曾在一年内伤亡人数达到2856人，因此，脚手架的安全问题引起政府有关部门的高度重视．
In Japan, fastener-type steel tube scaffolding has been widely used in the 1950s. By the mid-1950s, the application of fastener-type steel tube scaffolding has dominated. As casualties continue to occur, it is reported that the number of casualties in one year has reached 2856. Therefore, the safety of scaffolding has attracted great attention from relevant government departments.
60年代初，由于门式脚手架装拆方便、承载性能好、安全可靠，尤其是劳动省对脚手架的安全使用作出了规定，门式脚手架在工程中开始大量应用。70年代初，随着日本超高层建筑日益增多，脚手架租赁业务的广泛开展，门式脚手架的应用量迅速增长，并已成为主导脚手架．
In the early 1960s, because the portal scaffolding was easy to assemble and disassemble, good load-bearing performance, safe and reliable, especially the Ministry of Labor made provisions for the safe use of scaffolding, portal scaffolding began to be widely used in engineering. In the early 1970s, with the increasing number of super high-rise buildings in Japan and the widespread development of scaffolding leasing business, the application of portal scaffolding increased rapidly and has become the leading scaffolding.
目前，日本还开发和研究了H型、折叠式、碗扣式、圆盘式，插孔式、插槽式等多种类型脚手架。由于扣件式钢管脚手架的安全性较差，在施工工程中已很少使用了。
At present, Japan has also developed and studied H-type, folding type, bowl-button type, disc type, Jack type, slot type and other types of scaffolding. Because of the poor safety of fastener-type steel pipe scaffolding, it has been rarely used in construction projects.
我国在60年代初开始应用扣件式钢管脚手架，由于这种脚手架具有装拆灵活、搬运方便、通用性强、价格便宜等特点，所以在我国应用十分广泛，其使用量占60％以上，是当前使用量最多的一种脚手架。但是，这种脚手架的最大弱点是安全性较差，施工工效低。随着我国大量现代化大型建筑体系的出现，这种脚手架已不能适应建筑施工发展的需要，因此，大力开发和推广应用新型脚手架是当务之急。实践证明，采用新型脚手架不仅施工安全可靠、装拆速度快、而且脚手架用钢量可减少33％左右，装拆工效提高8-10倍以上，施工成本可明显下降，施工现场文明、整洁。80年代初，我国先后从国外引进门式脚手架，碗扣式脚手架等多种型式脚手架．门式脚手架在国内许多工程中也曾大量应用过，取得较好的效果，但是，门式脚手架没有得到大量推广应用，不少门式脚手架生产厂纷纷关闭或转产。现在国内还有少量门式脚手架生产厂，其产品大部分都是按外商来图加工，出口国外。碗扣式脚手架是新型脚手架中，推广应用最多的一种脚手架，但是使用面还不广．只有国内部分地区和部分工程中大量应用，可是最近几年我们国内市场上的碗扣式脚手架大都是河北一带生产的非标产品，施工事故也接而连三，深是让人担忧。现在我国内市场上有一种最新开发的直插式双自锁型多功能钢管脚手架就非常先进，能适应各种多样化脚手架的拼装和支护体系的应用。因此，大力开发和推广应用新型直插式双自锁脚手架，逐步替代安全度较差的扣件式、门式、碗扣式脚手架，是解决脚手架施工安全的重要保证．
In the early 1960s, fastener-type steel tubular scaffolding was applied in China. Because of its flexible assembly and disassembly, convenient handling, strong versatility and low price, it is widely used in China. Its usage accounts for more than 60%, and it is the most widely used scaffolding at present. However, the biggest weakness of this scaffold is its poor safety and low construction efficiency. With the emergence of a large number of modern large-scale building systems in China, such scaffolding can not meet the needs of construction development. Therefore, it is urgent to vigorously develop and promote the application of new scaffolding. Practice has proved that the new scaffolding is not only safe and reliable in construction, fast in installation and disassembly, but also can reduce the amount of steel used in scaffolding by about 33%, increase the efficiency of installation and disassembly by more than 8-10 times, reduce the construction cost significantly, and make the construction site civilized and clean. In the early 1980s, China introduced many types of scaffolds, such as portal scaffolding, bowl-buckled scaffolding and so on. Portal scaffolding has been widely used in many domestic projects and achieved good results. However, portal scaffolding has not been widely promoted and applied, and many production plants of portal scaffolding have closed or changed their production. At present, there are a small number of domestic gantry scaffolding manufacturers, most of their products are processed according to foreign maps and exported to foreign countries. Bowl-buckle scaffolding is a new type of scaffolding, which is the most widely used scaffolding, but it is not widely used. It is only widely used in some areas and some projects in China. However, in recent years, most of the bowl-buckle scaffolding in our domestic market are non-standard products produced in Hebei area, and construction accidents are successive, which is deeply worrying. Now there is a newly developed straight insertion double self-locking multi-functional steel tube scaffolding on the domestic market, which is very advanced and can adapt to the application of various kinds of scaffolding assembly and support system. Therefore, vigorously developing and popularizing the application of new straight inserting double self-locking scaffolding, gradually replacing the less safe fastener-type, door-type and bowl-type scaffolding, is an important guarantee to solve the construction safety of scaffolding.
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